Configure alerts

Netdata's health watchdog is highly configurable, with support for dynamic thresholds, hysteresis, alert templates, and more. You can tweak any of the existing alerts based on your infrastructure's topology or specific monitoring needs, or create new entities.

You can use health alerts in conjunction with any of Netdata's collectors (see the supported collector list) to monitor the health of your systems, containers, and applications in real time.

While you can see active alerts both on the local dashboard and Netdata Cloud, all health alerts are configured per node via individual Netdata Agents. If you want to deploy a new alert across your infrastructure, you must configure each node with the same health configuration files.

Edit health configuration files

You can configure the Agent's health watchdog service by editing files in two locations:

• The [health] section in netdata.conf. By editing the daemon's behavior, you can disable health monitoring altogether, run health checks more or less often, and more. See daemon configuration for a table of all the available settings, their default values, and what they control.

• The individual .conf files in health.d/. These health entity files are organized by the type of metric they are performing calculations on or their associated collector. You should edit these files using the edit-config script. For example: sudo ./edit-config health.d/cpu.conf.

Navigate to your Netdata config directory and use edit-config to make changes to any of these files.

Edit individual alerts

For example, to edit the cpu.conf health configuration file, run:

sudo ./edit-config health.d/cpu.conf

Each health configuration file contains one or more health entities, which always begin with alarm: or template:. For example, here is the first health entity in health.d/cpu.conf:

 template: 10min_cpu_usage
       on: system.cpu
    class: Utilization
     type: System
component: CPU
       os: linux
    hosts: *
   lookup: average -10m unaligned of user,system,softirq,irq,guest
    units: %
    every: 1m
     warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (75) : (85))
     crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (85) : (95))
    delay: down 15m multiplier 1.5 max 1h
  summary: CPU utilization
     info: Average cpu utilization for the last 10 minutes (excluding iowait, nice and steal)
       to: sysadmin

To tune this alert to trigger warning and critical alerts at a lower CPU utilization, change the warn and crit lines to the values of your choosing. For example:

    warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (60) : (75))
    crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (75) : (85))

Save the file and reload Netdata's health configuration to apply your changes.

Disable or silence alerts

Alerts and notifications can be disabled permanently via configuration changes, or temporarily, via the health management API. The available options are described below.

Disable all alerts

In the netdata.conf [health] section, set enabled to no, and restart the agent.

Disable some alerts

In the netdata.conf [health] section, set enabled alarms to a simple pattern that excludes one or more alerts. e.g. enabled alarms = !oom_kill * will load all alerts except oom_kill.

You can also edit the file where the alert is defined, comment out its definition, and reload Netdata's health configuration.

Silence an individual alert

You can stop receiving notification for an individual alert by changing the to: line to silent.

      to: silent

This action requires that you reload Netdata's health configuration.

Temporarily disable alerts at runtime

When you need to frequently disable all or some alerts from triggering during certain times (for instance when running backups) you can use the health management API. The API allows you to issue commands to control the health engine's behavior without changing configuration, or restarting the agent.

Temporarily silence notifications at runtime

If you want health checks to keep running and alerts to keep getting triggered, but notifications to be suppressed temporarily, you can use the health management API. The API allows you to issue commands to control the health engine's behavior without changing configuration, or restarting the agent.

Write a new health entity

While tuning existing alerts may work in some cases, you may need to write entirely new health entities based on how your systems, containers, and applications work.

Read the health entity reference for a full listing of the format, syntax, and functionality of health entities.

To write a new health entity into a new file, navigate to your Netdata config directory, then use touch to create a new file in the health.d/ directory. Use edit-config to start editing the file.

As an example, let's create a ram-usage.conf file.

sudo touch health.d/ram-usage.conf
sudo ./edit-config health.d/ram-usage.conf

For example, here is a health entity that triggers a warning alert when a node's RAM usage rises above 80%, and a critical alert above 90%:

 alarm: ram_usage
    on: system.ram
lookup: average -1m percentage of used
 units: %
 every: 1m
  warn: $this > 80
  crit: $this > 90
  info: The percentage of RAM being used by the system.

Let's look into each of the lines to see how they create a working health entity.

• alarm: The name for your new entity. The name needs to follow these requirements:

  • Any alphabet letter or number.
  • The symbols . and _.
  • Cannot be chart name, dimension name, family name, or chart variable names.

• on: Which chart the entity listens to.

• lookup: Which metrics the alert monitors, the duration of time to monitor, and how to process the metrics into a usable format.

  • average: Calculate the average of all the metrics collected.
  • -1m: Use metrics from 1 minute ago until now to calculate that average.
  • percentage: Clarify that we're calculating a percentage of RAM usage.
  • of used: Specify which dimension (used) on the system.ram chart you want to monitor with this entity.

• units: Use percentages rather than absolute units.

• every: How often to perform the lookup calculation to decide whether to trigger this alert.

• warn/crit: The value at which Netdata should trigger a warning or critical alert. This example uses simple syntax, but most pre-configured health entities use hysteresis to avoid superfluous notifications.

• info: A description of the alert, which will appear in the dashboard and notifications.

In human-readable format:

This health entity, named ram_usage, watches the system.ram chart. It looks up the last 1 minute of metrics from the used dimension and calculates the average of all those metrics in a percentage format, using a % unit. The entity performs this lookup every minute.

If the average RAM usage percentage over the last 1 minute is more than 80%, the entity triggers a warning alert. If the usage is more than 90%, the entity triggers a critical alert.

When you finish writing this new health entity, reload Netdata's health configuration to see it live on the local dashboard or Netdata Cloud.

Reload health configuration

To make any changes to your health configuration live, you must reload Netdata's health monitoring system. To do that without restarting all of Netdata, run netdatacli reload-health or killall -USR2 netdata.

Health entity reference

The following reference contains information about the syntax and options of health entities, which Netdata attaches to charts in order to trigger alerts.

Entity types

There are two entity types: alarms and templates. They have the same format and feature set—the only difference is their label.

Alerts are attached to specific charts and use the alarm label.

Templates define rules that apply to all charts of a specific context, and use the template label. Templates help you apply one entity to all disks, all network interfaces, all MySQL databases, and so on.

Alerts have higher precedence and will override templates. If the alert and template entities have the same name and are attached to the same chart, Netdata will use alarm.

Entity format

Netdata parses the following lines. Beneath the table is an in-depth explanation of each line's purpose and syntax.

• The alarm or template line must be the first line of any entity.
• The on line is always required.
• The every line is required if not using lookup.
• Each entity must have at least one of the following lines: lookup, calc, warn, or crit.
• A few lines use space-separated lists to define how the entity behaves. You can use * as a wildcard or prefix with ! for a negative match. Order is important, too! See our simple patterns docs for more examples.
• Lines terminated by a \ are spliced together with the next line. The backslash is removed and the following line is joined with the current one. No space is inserted, so you may split a line anywhere, even in the middle of a word. This comes in handy if your info line consists of several sentences.

line	required	functionality
alarm/template	yes	Name of the alert/template.
on	yes	The chart this alert should attach to.
class	no	The general alert classification.
type	no	What area of the system the alert monitors.
component	no	Specific component of the type of the alert.
os	no	Which operating systems to run this chart.
hosts	no	Which hostnames will run this alert.
plugin	no	Restrict an alert or template to only a certain plugin.
module	no	Restrict an alert or template to only a certain module.
charts	no	Restrict an alert or template to only certain charts.
lookup	yes	The database lookup to find and process metrics for the chart specified through on.
calc	yes (see above)	A calculation to apply to the value found via lookup or another variable.
every	no	The frequency of the alert.
green/red	no	Set the green and red thresholds of a chart.
warn/crit	yes (see above)	Expressions evaluating to true or false, and when true, will trigger the alert.
to	no	A list of roles to send notifications to.
exec	no	The script to execute when the alert changes status.
delay	no	Optional hysteresis settings to prevent floods of notifications.
repeat	no	The interval for sending notifications when an alert is in WARNING or CRITICAL mode.
options	no	Add an option to not clear alerts.
host labels	no	Restrict an alert or template to a list of matching labels present on a host.
chart labels	no	Restrict an alert or template to a list of matching labels present on a chart.
summary	no	A brief description of the alert.
info	no	A longer text field that provides more information of this alert

The alarm or template line must be the first line of any entity.

Alert line alarm or template

This line starts an alert or template based on the entity type you're interested in creating.

Alert:

alarm: NAME

Template:

template: NAME

NAME can be any alpha character, with . (period) and _ (underscore) as the only allowed symbols, but the names cannot be chart name, dimension name, family name, or chart variables names.

Alert line on

This line defines the chart this alert should attach to.

Alerts:

on: CHART

The value CHART should be the unique ID or name of the chart you're interested in, as shown on the dashboard. In the image below, the unique ID is system.cpu.

Template:

on: CONTEXT

The value CONTEXT should be the context you want this template to attach to.

Need to find the context? Hover over the date on any given chart and look at the tooltip. In the image below, which shows a disk I/O chart, the tooltip reads: proc:/proc/diskstats, disk.io.

You're interested in what comes after the comma: disk.io. That's the name of the chart's context.

If you create a template using the disk.io context, it will apply an alert to every disk available on your system.

Alert line class

This indicates the type of error (or general problem area) that the alert or template applies to. For example, Latency can be used for alerts that trigger on latency issues on network interfaces, web servers, or database systems. Example:

class: Latency

Netdata's stock alerts use the following `class` attributes by default:

Class
Errors
Latency
Utilization
Workload

class will default to Unknown if the line is missing from the alert configuration.

Alert line type

Type can be used to indicate the broader area of the system that the alert applies to. For example, under the general Database type, you can group together alerts that operate on various database systems, like MySQL, CockroachDB, CouchDB etc. Example:

type: Database

Netdata's stock alerts use the following `type` attributes by default, but feel free to adjust for your own requirements.

Type	Description
Ad Filtering	Services related to Ad Filtering (like pi-hole)
Certificates	Certificates monitoring related
Cgroups	Alerts for cpu and memory usage of control groups
Computing	Alerts for shared computing applications (e.g. boinc)
Containers	Container related alerts (e.g. docker instances)
Database	Database systems (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc)
Data Sharing	Used to group together alerts for data sharing applications
DHCP	Alerts for dhcp related services
DNS	Alerts for dns related services
Kubernetes	Alerts for kubernetes nodes monitoring
KV Storage	Key-Value pairs services alerts (e.g. memcached)
Linux	Services specific to Linux (e.g. systemd)
Messaging	Alerts for message passing services (e.g. vernemq)
Netdata	Internal Netdata components monitoring
Other	When an alert doesn't fit in other types.
Power Supply	Alerts from power supply related services (e.g. apcupsd)
Search engine	Alerts for search services (e.g. elasticsearch)
Storage	Class for alerts dealing with storage services (storage devices typically live under System)
System	General system alerts (e.g. cpu, network, etc.)
Virtual Machine	Virtual Machine software
Web Proxy	Web proxy software (e.g. squid)
Web Server	Web server software (e.g. Apache, ngnix, etc.)
Windows	Alerts for monitor of windows services

If an alert configuration is missing the type line, its value will default to Unknown.

Alert line component

Component can be used to narrow down what the previous type value specifies for each alert or template. Continuing from the previous example, component might include MySQL, CockroachDB, MongoDB, all under the same Database type. Example:

component: MySQL

As with the class and type line, if component is missing from the configuration, its value will default to Unknown.

Alert line os

The alert or template will be used only if the operating system of the host matches this list specified in os. The value is a space-separated list.

The following example enables the entity on Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS, but no other operating systems.

os: linux freebsd macos

Alert line hosts

The alert or template will be used only if the hostname of the host matches this space-separated list.

The following example will load on systems with the hostnames server and server2, and any system with hostnames that begin with database. It will not load on the host redis3, but will load on any other systems with hostnames that begin with redis.

hosts: server1 server2 database* !redis3 redis*

Alert line plugin

The plugin line filters which plugin within the context this alert should apply to. The value is a space-separated list of simple patterns. For example, you can create a filter for an alert that applies specifically to python.d.plugin:

plugin: python.d.plugin

The plugin line is best used with other options like module. When used alone, the plugin line creates a very inclusive filter that is unlikely to be of much use in production. See module for a comprehensive example using both.

Alert line module

The module line filters which module within the context this alert should apply to. The value is a space-separated list of simple patterns. For example, you can create an alert that applies only on the isc_dhcpd module started by python.d.plugin:

plugin: python.d.plugin
module: isc_dhcpd

Alert line charts

The charts line filters which chart this alert should apply to. It is only available on entities using the template line. The value is a space-separated list of simple patterns. For example, a template that applies to disk.svctm (Average Service Time) context, but excludes the disk sdb from alerts:

template: disk_svctm_alert
      on: disk.svctm
  charts: !*sdb* *

Alert line lookup

This line makes a database lookup to find a value. This result of this lookup is available as $this.

The format is:

lookup: METHOD AFTER [at BEFORE] [every DURATION] [OPTIONS] [of DIMENSIONS] [foreach DIMENSIONS]

The full database query API is supported. In short:

• METHOD is one of the available grouping methods such as average, min, max etc. This is required.

• AFTER is a relative number of seconds, but it also accepts a single letter for changing the units, like -1s = 1 second in the past, -1m = 1 minute in the past, -1h = 1 hour in the past, -1d = 1 day in the past. You need a negative number (i.e. how far in the past to look for the value). This is required.

• at BEFORE is by default 0 and is not required. Using this you can define the end of the lookup. So data will be evaluated between AFTER and BEFORE.

• every DURATION sets the updated frequency of the lookup (supports single letter units as above too).

• OPTIONS is a space separated list of percentage, absolute, min2max, unaligned, match-ids, match-names. Check the badges documentation for more info.

• of DIMENSIONS is optional and has to be the last parameter. Dimensions have to be separated by , or |. The space characters found in dimensions will be kept as-is (a few dimensions have spaces in their names). This accepts Netdata simple patterns (with words separated by , or | instead of spaces) and the match-ids and match-names options affect the searches for dimensions.

• foreach DIMENSIONS is optional and works only with templates, will always be the last parameter, and uses the same ,/| rules as the of parameter. Each dimension you specify in foreach will use the same rule to trigger an alert. If you set both of and foreach, Netdata will ignore the of parameter and replace it with one of the dimensions you gave to foreach. This option allows you to use dimension templates to create dynamic alerts.

The result of the lookup will be available as $this and $NAME in expressions. The timestamps of the timeframe evaluated by the database lookup is available as variables $after and $before (both are unix timestamps).

Alert line calc

A calc is designed to apply some calculation to the values or variables available to the entity. The result of the calculation will be made available at the $this variable, overwriting the value from your lookup, to use in warning and critical expressions.

When paired with lookup, calc will perform the calculation just after lookup has retrieved a value from Netdata's database.

You can use calc without lookup if you are using other available variables.

The calc line uses expressions for its syntax.

calc: EXPRESSION

Alert line every

Sets the update frequency of this alert. This is the same to the every DURATION given in the lookup lines.

Format:

every: DURATION

DURATION accepts s for seconds, m is minutes, h for hours, d for days.

Alert lines green and red

Set the green and red thresholds of a chart. Both are available as $green and $red in expressions. If multiple alerts define different thresholds, the ones defined by the first alert will be used. Eventually it will be visualized on the dashboard, so only one set of them is allowed If you need multiple sets of them in different alerts, use absolute numbers instead of $red and $green.

Format:

green: NUMBER
red: NUMBER

Alert lines warn and crit

Define the expression that triggers either a warning or critical alert. These are optional, and should evaluate to either true or false (or zero/non-zero).

The format uses Netdata's expressions syntax.

warn: EXPRESSION
crit: EXPRESSION

Alert line to

This will be the first script parameter that will be executed when the alert changes its status. Its meaning is left up to the exec script.

The default exec script, alarm-notify.sh, uses this field as a space separated list of roles, which are then consulted to find the exact recipients per notification method.

Format:

to: ROLE1 ROLE2 ROLE3 ...

Alert line exec

Script to be executed when the alert status changes.

Format:

exec: SCRIPT

The default SCRIPT is Netdata's alarm-notify.sh, which supports all the notifications methods Netdata supports, including custom hooks.

Alert line delay

This is used to provide optional hysteresis settings for the notifications, to defend against notification floods. These settings do not affect the actual alert - only the time the exec script is executed.

Format:

delay: [[[up U] [down D] multiplier M] max X]

• up U defines the delay to be applied to a notification for an alert that raised its status (i.e. CLEAR to WARNING, CLEAR to CRITICAL, WARNING to CRITICAL). For example, up 10s, the notification for this event will be sent 10 seconds after the actual event. This is used in hope the alert will get back to its previous state within the duration given. The default U is zero.

• down D defines the delay to be applied to a notification for an alert that moves to lower state (i.e. CRITICAL to WARNING, CRITICAL to CLEAR, WARNING to CLEAR). For example, down 1m will delay the notification by 1 minute. This is used to prevent notifications for flapping alerts. The default D is zero.

• multiplier M multiplies U and D when an alert changes state, while a notification is delayed. The default multiplier is 1.0.

• max X defines the maximum absolute notification delay an alert may get. The default X is max(U * M, D * M) (i.e. the max duration of U or D multiplied once with M).

  Example:

  delay: up 10s down 15m multiplier 2 max 1h

  The time is 00:00:00 and the status of the alert is CLEAR.

  time of event	new status	delay	notification will be sent	why
  00:00:01	WARNING	up 10s	00:00:11	first state switch
  00:00:05	CLEAR	down 15m x2	00:30:05	the alert changes state while a notification is delayed, so it was multiplied
  00:00:06	WARNING	up 10s x2 x2	00:00:26	multiplied twice
  00:00:07	CLEAR	down 15m x2 x2 x2	00:45:07	multiplied 3 times.

  So:

  • U and D are multiplied by M every time the alert changes state (any state, not just their matching one) and a delay is in place.
  • All are reset to their defaults when the alert switches state without a delay in place.

Alert line repeat

Defines the interval between repeating notifications for the alerts in CRITICAL or WARNING mode. This will override the default interval settings inherited from health settings in netdata.conf. The default settings for repeating notifications are default repeat warning = DURATION and default repeat critical = DURATION which can be found in health stock configuration, when one of these interval is bigger than 0, Netdata will activate the repeat notification for CRITICAL, CLEAR and WARNING messages.

Format:

repeat: [off] [warning DURATION] [critical DURATION]

• off: Turns off the repeating feature for the current alert. This is effective when the default repeat settings has been enabled in health configuration.
• warning DURATION: Defines the interval when the alert is in WARNING state. Use 0s to turn off the repeating notification for WARNING mode.
• critical DURATION: Defines the interval when the alert is in CRITICAL state. Use 0s to turn off the repeating notification for CRITICAL mode.

Alert line options

The only possible value for the options line is

options: no-clear-notification

For some alerts we need compare two time-frames, to detect anomalies. For example, health.d/httpcheck.conf has an alert template called web_service_slow that compares the average http call response time over the last 3 minutes, compared to the average over the last hour. It triggers a warning alert when the average of the last 3 minutes is twice the average of the last hour. In such cases, it is easy to trigger the alert, but difficult to tell when the alert is cleared. As time passes, the newest window moves into the older, so the average response time of the last hour will keep increasing. Eventually, the comparison will find the averages in the two time-frames close enough to clear the alert. However, the issue was not resolved, it's just a matter of the newer data "polluting" the old. For such alerts, it's a good idea to tell Netdata to not clear the notification, by using the no-clear-notification option.

Alert line host labels

Defines the list of labels present on a host. See our host labels guide for an explanation of host labels and how to implement them.

For example, let's suppose that netdata.conf is configured with the following labels:

[host labels]
    installed = 20191211
    room = server

And more labels in netdata.conf for workstations:

[host labels]
    installed = 201705
    room = workstation

By defining labels inside of netdata.conf, you can now apply labels to alerts. For example, you can add the following line to any alerts you'd like to apply to hosts that have the label room = server.

host labels: room = server

The host labels is a space-separated list that accepts simple patterns. For example, you can create an alert that will be applied to all hosts installed in the last decade with the following line:

host labels: installed = 201*

See our simple patterns docs for more examples.

Alert line chart labels

Similar to host labels, the chart labels key can be used to filter if an alert will load or not for a specific chart, based on whether these chart labels match or not.

The list of chart labels present on each chart can be obtained from http://localhost:19999/api/v1/charts?all

For example, each disk_space chart defines a chart label called mount_point with each instance of this chart having a value there of which mount point it monitors.

If you have an e.g. external disk mounted on /mnt/disk1 and you don't wish any related disk space alerts running for it (but you do for all other mount points), you can add the following to the alert's configuration:

chart labels: mount_point=!/mnt/disk1 *

The chart labels is a space-separated list that accepts simple patterns. If you use multiple different chart labels, then the result is an OR between them. i.e. the following:

chart labels: mount_point=/mnt/disk1 device=sda

Will create the alert if the mount_point is /mnt/disk1 or the device is sda. Furthermore, if a chart label name is specified that does not exist in the chart, the chart won't be matched.

See our simple patterns docs for more examples.

Alert line summary

The summary field contains a brief title of the alert. It is used as the subject for the notifications, and in dashboard list of alerts. An example for the ram_available alert is:

summary: Available Ram

summary fields can contain special variables in their text that will be replaced during run-time to provide more specific alert information. Current variables supported are:

variable	description
${family}	Will be replaced by the family instance for the alert (e.g. eth0)
${label:LABEL_NAME}	The variable will be replaced with the value of the chart label

For example, a summary field like the following:

summary: 1 minute received traffic overflow for ${label:device}

Will be rendered on the alert acting on interface eth0 as:

summary: 1 minute received traffic overflow for eth0

Please note that variable names are case-sensitive.

Alert line info

The info field can contain a small piece of text describing the alert or template. This will be rendered in notifications and UI elements whenever the specific alert is in focus. An example for the ram_available alert is:

info: Percentage of estimated amount of RAM available for userspace processes, without causing swapping

info fields can contain special variables in their text that will be replaced during run-time to provide more specific alert information. Current variables supported are:

variable	description
${family}	Will be replaced by the family instance for the alert (e.g. eth0)
${label:LABEL_NAME}	The variable will be replaced with the value of the chart label

For example, an info field like the following:

info: average inbound utilization for the network interface ${family} over the last minute

Will be rendered on the alert acting on interface eth0 as:

info: average inbound utilization for the network interface eth0 over the last minute

An alert acting on a chart that has a chart label named e.g. target, with a value of https://netdata.cloud/, can be enriched as follows:

info: average ratio of HTTP responses with unexpected status over the last 5 minutes for the site ${label:target}

Will become:

info: average ratio of HTTP responses with unexpected status over the last 5 minutes for the site https://netdata.cloud/

Please note that variable names are case-sensitive.

Expressions

Netdata has an internal infix expression parser under libnetdata/eval. This parses expressions and creates an internal structure that allows fast execution of them.

These operators are supported +, -, *, /, <, ==, <=, <>, !=, >, >=, &&, ||, !, AND, OR, NOT. Boolean operators result in either 1 (true) or 0 (false).

The conditional evaluation operator ? is supported too. Using this operator IF-THEN-ELSE conditional statements can be specified. The format is: (condition) ? (true expression) : (false expression). So, Netdata will first evaluate the condition and based on the result will either evaluate true expression or false expression.

Example: ($this > 0) ? ($avail * 2) : ($used / 2).

Nested such expressions are also supported (i.e. true expression and false expression can contain conditional evaluations).

Expressions also support the abs() function.

Expressions can have variables. Variables start with $. Check below for more information.

There are two special values you can use:

• nan, for example $this != nan will check if the variable this is available. A variable can be nan if the database lookup failed. All calculations (i.e. addition, multiplication, etc.) with a nan result in a nan.

• inf, for example $this != inf will check if this is not infinite. A value or variable can be set to infinite if divided by zero. All calculations (i.e. addition, multiplication, etc.) with a inf result in a inf.

Special use of the conditional operator

A common (but not necessarily obvious) use of the conditional evaluation operator is to provide hysteresis around the critical or warning thresholds. This usage helps to avoid bogus messages resulting from small variations in the value when it is varying regularly but staying close to the threshold value, without needing to delay sending messages at all.

An example of such usage from the default CPU usage alerts bundled with Netdata is:

warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (75) : (85))
crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (85) : (95))

The above say:

• If the alert is currently a warning, then the threshold for being considered a warning is 75, otherwise it's 85.

• If the alert is currently critical, then the threshold for being considered critical is 85, otherwise it's 95.

Which in turn, results in the following behavior:

• While the value is rising, it will trigger a warning when it exceeds 85, and a critical alert when it exceeds 95.

• While the value is falling, it will return to a warning state when it goes below 85, and a normal state when it goes below 75.

• If the value is constantly varying between 80 and 90, then it will trigger a warning the first time it goes above 85, but will remain a warning until it goes below 75 (or goes above 85).

• If the value is constantly varying between 90 and 100, then it will trigger a critical alert the first time it goes above 95, but will remain a critical alert goes below 85 (at which point it will return to being a warning).

Variables

You can find all the variables that can be used for a given chart, using http://NODE:19999/api/v1/alarm_variables?chart=CHART_NAME, replacing NODE with the IP address or hostname for your Agent dashboard. For example, variables for the system.cpu chart of the registry.

If you don't know how to find the CHART_NAME, you can read about it here.

Netdata supports 3 internal indexes for variables that will be used in health monitoring.

The variables below can be used in both chart alerts and context templates.

Although the alarm_variables link shows you variables for a particular chart, the same variables can also be used in templates for charts belonging to a given context. The reason is that all charts of a given context are essentially identical, with the only difference being the family that identifies a particular hardware or software instance.

• chart local variables. All the dimensions of the chart are exposed as local variables. The value of $this for the other configured alerts of the chart also appears, under the name of each configured alert.

  Charts also define a few special variables:

  • $last_collected_t is the unix timestamp of the last data collection

  • $collected_total_raw is the sum of all the dimensions (their last collected values)

  • $update_every is the update frequency of the chart

  • $green and $red the threshold defined in alerts (these are per chart - the charts inherits them from the first alert that defined them)

    Chart dimensions define their last calculated (i.e. interpolated) value, exactly as
    shown on the charts, but also a variable with their name and suffix `_raw` that resolves
    to the last collected value - as collected and another with suffix `_last_collected_t`
    that resolves to unix timestamp the dimension was last collected (there may be dimensions
    that fail to be collected while others continue normally).

• family variables. Families are used to group charts together. For example all eth0 charts, have family = eth0. This index includes all local variables, but if there are overlapping variables, only the first are exposed.

• host variables. All the dimensions of all charts, including all alerts, in fullname. Fullname is CHART.VARIABLE, where CHART is either the chart id or the chart name (both are supported).

• special variables* are:

  • $this, which is resolved to the value of the current alert.

  • $status, which is resolved to the current status of the alert (the current = the last status, i.e. before the current database lookup and the evaluation of the calc line). This values can be compared with $REMOVED, $UNINITIALIZED, $UNDEFINED, $CLEAR, $WARNING, $CRITICAL. These values are incremental, e.g. $status > $CLEAR works as expected.

  • $now, which is resolved to current unix timestamp.

Alert statuses

Alerts can have the following statuses:

• REMOVED - the alert has been deleted (this happens when a SIGUSR2 is sent to Netdata to reload health configuration)

• UNINITIALIZED - the alert is not initialized yet

• UNDEFINED - the alert failed to be calculated (i.e. the database lookup failed, a division by zero occurred, etc.)

• CLEAR - the alert is not armed / raised (i.e. is OK)

• WARNING - the warning expression resulted in true or non-zero

• CRITICAL - the critical expression resulted in true or non-zero

The external script will be called for all status changes.

Example alerts

Check the health/health.d/ directory for all alerts shipped with Netdata.

Here are a few examples:

Example 1 - check server alive

A simple check if an apache server is alive:

template: apache_last_collected_secs
      on: apache.requests
    calc: $now - $last_collected_t
   every: 10s
    warn: $this > ( 5 * $update_every)
    crit: $this > (10 * $update_every)

The above checks that Netdata is able to collect data from apache. In detail:

template: apache_last_collected_secs

The above defines a template named apache_last_collected_secs. The name is important since $apache_last_collected_secs resolves to the calc line. So, try to give something descriptive.

      on: apache.requests

The above applies the template to all charts that have context = apache.requests (i.e. all your apache servers).

    calc: $now - $last_collected_t

• $now is a standard variable that resolves to the current timestamp.

• $last_collected_t is the last data collection timestamp of the chart. So this calculation gives the number of seconds passed since the last data collection.

   every: 10s

The alert will be evaluated every 10 seconds.

    warn: $this > ( 5 * $update_every)
    crit: $this > (10 * $update_every)

If these result in non-zero or true, they trigger the alert.

• $this refers to the value of this alert (e.g. the result of the calc line). We could also use $apache_last_collected_secs.

$update_every is the update frequency of the chart, in seconds.

So, the warning condition checks if we have not collected data from apache for 5 iterations and the critical condition checks for 10 iterations.

Example 2 - disk space

Check if any of the disks is critically low on disk space:

template: disk_full_percent
      on: disk.space
    calc: $used * 100 / ($avail + $used)
   every: 1m
    warn: $this > 80
    crit: $this > 95
  repeat: warning 120s critical 10s

$used and $avail are the used and avail chart dimensions as shown on the dashboard.

So, the calc line finds the percentage of used space. $this resolves to this percentage.

This is a repeating alert and if the alert becomes CRITICAL it repeats the notifications every 10 seconds. It also repeats notifications every 2 minutes if the alert goes into WARNING mode.

Example 3 - disk fill rate

Predict if any disk will run out of space in the near future.

We do this in 2 steps:

Calculate the disk fill rate:

    template: disk_fill_rate
          on: disk.space
      lookup: max -1s at -30m unaligned of avail
        calc: ($this - $avail) / (30 * 60)
       every: 15s

In the calc line: $this is the result of the lookup line (i.e. the free space 30 minutes ago) and $avail is the current disk free space. So the calc line will either have a positive number of GB/second if the disk is filling up, or a negative number of GB/second if the disk is freeing up space.

There is no warn or crit lines here. So, this template will just do the calculation and nothing more.

Predict the hours after which the disk will run out of space:

    template: disk_full_after_hours
          on: disk.space
        calc: $avail / $disk_fill_rate / 3600
       every: 10s
        warn: $this > 0 and $this < 48
        crit: $this > 0 and $this < 24

The calc line estimates the time in hours, we will run out of disk space. Of course, only positive values are interesting for this check, so the warning and critical conditions check for positive values and that we have enough free space for 48 and 24 hours respectively.

Once this alert triggers we will receive an email like this:

Example 4 - dropped packets

Check if any network interface is dropping packets:

template: 30min_packet_drops
      on: net.drops
  lookup: sum -30m unaligned absolute
   every: 10s
    crit: $this > 0

The lookup line will calculate the sum of the all dropped packets in the last 30 minutes.

The crit line will issue a critical alert if even a single packet has been dropped.

Note that the drops chart does not exist if a network interface has never dropped a single packet. When Netdata detects a dropped packet, it will add the chart, and it will automatically attach this alert to it.

Example 5 - CPU usage

Check if user or system dimension is using more than 50% of cpu:

template: cpu_template
      on: system.cpu
      os: linux
  lookup: average -1m foreach system,user
   units: %
   every: 10s
    warn: $this > 50
    crit: $this > 80

The lookup line will calculate the average CPU usage from system and user over the last minute. Because we have the foreach in the lookup line, Netdata will create two independent alerts called cpu_template_system and dim_template_user that will have all the other parameters shared among them.

Example 6 - CPU usage

Check if all dimensions are using more than 50% of cpu:

template: cpu_template
      on: system.cpu
      os: linux
  lookup: average -1m foreach *
   units: %
   every: 10s
    warn: $this > 50
    crit: $this > 80

The lookup line will calculate the average of CPU usage from system and user over the last minute. In this case Netdata will create alerts for all dimensions of the chart.

Example 7 - Z-Score based alert

Derive a "Z Score" based alert on user dimension of the system.cpu chart:

 alarm: cpu_user_mean
    on: system.cpu
lookup: mean -60s of user
 every: 10s

 alarm: cpu_user_stddev
    on: system.cpu
lookup: stddev -60s of user
 every: 10s

 alarm: cpu_user_zscore
    on: system.cpu
lookup: mean -10s of user
  calc: ($this - $cpu_user_mean) / $cpu_user_stddev
 every: 10s
  warn: $this < -2 or $this > 2
  crit: $this < -3 or $this > 3

Since z = (x - mean) / stddev we create two input alerts, one for mean and one for stddev and then use them both as inputs in our final cpu_user_zscore alert.

Example 8 - Anomaly rate based CPU dimensions alert

Warning if 5 minute rolling anomaly rate for any CPU dimension is above 5%, critical if it goes above 20%:

template: ml_5min_cpu_dims
      on: system.cpu
      os: linux
   hosts: *
  lookup: average -5m anomaly-bit foreach *
    calc: $this
   units: %
   every: 30s
    warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (5) : (20))
    crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (20) : (100))
    info: rolling 5min anomaly rate for each system.cpu dimension

The lookup line will calculate the average anomaly rate of each system.cpu dimension over the last 5 minues. In this case Netdata will create alerts for all dimensions of the chart.

Example 9 - Anomaly rate based CPU chart alert

Warning if 5 minute rolling anomaly rate averaged across all CPU dimensions is above 5%, critical if it goes above 20%:

template: ml_5min_cpu_chart
      on: system.cpu
      os: linux
   hosts: *
  lookup: average -5m anomaly-bit of *
    calc: $this
   units: %
   every: 30s
    warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (5) : (20))
    crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (20) : (100))
    info: rolling 5min anomaly rate for system.cpu chart

The lookup line will calculate the average anomaly rate across all system.cpu dimensions over the last 5 minues. In this case Netdata will create one alert for the chart.

Example 10 - Anomaly rate based node level alert

Warning if 5 minute rolling anomaly rate averaged across all ML enabled dimensions is above 5%, critical if it goes above 20%:

template: ml_5min_node
      on: anomaly_detection.anomaly_rate
      os: linux
   hosts: *
  lookup: average -5m of anomaly_rate
    calc: $this
   units: %
   every: 30s
    warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING)  ? (5) : (20))
    crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (20) : (100))
    info: rolling 5min anomaly rate for all ML enabled dims

The lookup line will use the anomaly_rate dimension of the anomaly_detection.anomaly_rate ML chart to calculate the average node level anomaly rate over the last 5 minues.

Use dimension templates to create dynamic alerts

In v1.18 of Netdata, we introduced dimension templates for alerts, which simplifies the process of writing alert entities for charts with many dimensions.

Dimension templates can condense many individual entities into one—no more copy-pasting one entity and changing the alarm/template and lookup lines for each dimension you'd like to monitor.

The fundamentals of foreach

Note: works only with templates.

Our dimension templates update creates a new foreach parameter to the existing lookup line. This is where the magic happens.

You use the foreach parameter to specify which dimensions you want to monitor with this single alert. You can separate them with a comma (,) or a pipe (|). You can also use a Netdata simple pattern to create many alerts with a regex-like syntax.

The foreach parameter has to be the last parameter in your lookup line, and if you have both of and foreach in the same lookup line, Netdata will ignore the of parameter and use foreach instead.

Let's get into some examples, so you can see how the new parameter works.

⚠️ The following entities are examples to showcase the functionality and syntax of dimension templates. They are not meant to be run as-is on production systems.

Condensing entities with foreach

Let's say you want to monitor the system, user, and nice dimensions in your system's overall CPU utilization. Before dimension templates, you would need the following three entities:

 alarm: cpu_system
    on: system.cpu
lookup: average -10m of system
 every: 1m
  warn: $this > 50
  crit: $this > 80

 alarm: cpu_user
    on: system.cpu
lookup: average -10m of user
 every: 1m
  warn: $this > 50
  crit: $this > 80

 alarm: cpu_nice
    on: system.cpu
lookup: average -10m of nice
 every: 1m
  warn: $this > 50
  crit: $this > 80

With dimension templates, you can condense these into a single template. Take note of the lookup line.

template: cpu_template
      on: system.cpu
  lookup: average -10m foreach system,user,nice
   every: 1m
    warn: $this > 50
    crit: $this > 80

The template line specifies the naming scheme Netdata will use. You can use whatever naming scheme you'd like, with . and _ being the only allowed symbols.

The lookup line has changed from of to foreach, and we're now passing three dimensions.

In this example, Netdata will create three alerts with the names cpu_template_system, cpu_template_user, and cpu_template_nice. Every minute, each alert will use the same database query to calculate the average CPU usage for the system, user, and nice dimensions over the last 10 minutes and send out alerts if necessary.

You can find these three alerts active by clicking on the Alerts button in the top navigation, and then clicking on the All tab and scrolling to the system - cpu collapsible section.

Let's look at some other examples of how foreach works, so you can best apply it in your configurations.

Using a Netdata simple pattern in foreach

In the last example, we used foreach system,user,nice to create three distinct alerts using dimension templates. But what if you want to quickly create alerts for all the dimensions of a given chart?

Use a simple pattern! One example of a simple pattern is a single wildcard (*).

Instead of monitoring system CPU usage, let's monitor per-application CPU usage using the apps.cpu chart. Passing a wildcard as the simple pattern tells Netdata to create a separate alert for every process on your system:

 alarm: app_cpu
    on: apps.cpu
lookup: average -10m percentage foreach *
 every: 1m
  warn: $this > 50
  crit: $this > 80

This entity will now create alerts for every dimension in the apps.cpu chart. Given that most apps.cpu charts have 10 or more dimensions, using the wildcard ensures you catch every CPU-hogging process.

To learn more about how to use simple patterns with dimension templates, see our simple patterns documentation.

Using foreach with alert templates

Dimension templates also work with alert templates. Alert templates help you create alerts for all the charts with a given context—for example, all the cores of your system's CPU.

By combining the two, you can create dozens of individual alerts with a single template entity. Here's how you would create alerts for the system, user, and nice dimensions for every chart in the cpu.cpu context—or, in other words, every CPU core.

template: cpu_template
      on: cpu.cpu
  lookup: average -10m percentage foreach system,user,nice
   every: 1m
    warn: $this > 50
    crit: $this > 80

On a system with a 6-core, 12-thread Ryzen 5 1600 CPU, this one entity creates alerts on the following charts and dimensions:

• cpu.cpu0

  • cpu_template_user
  • cpu_template_system
  • cpu_template_nice

• cpu.cpu1

  • cpu_template_user
  • cpu_template_system
  • cpu_template_nice

• cpu.cpu2

  • cpu_template_user
  • cpu_template_system
  • cpu_template_nice

• ...

• cpu.cpu11

  • cpu_template_user
  • cpu_template_system
  • cpu_template_nice

And how just a few of those dimension template-generated alerts look like in the Netdata dashboard.

All in all, this single entity creates 36 individual alerts. Much easier than writing 36 separate entities in your health configuration files!

Troubleshooting

You can compile Netdata with debugging and then set in netdata.conf:

[global]
   debug flags = 0x0000000000800000

Then check your /var/log/netdata/debug.log. It will show you how it works. Important: this will generate a lot of output in debug.log.

You can find the context of charts by looking up the chart in either http://NODE:19999/netdata.conf or http://NODE:19999/api/v1/charts, replacing NODE with the IP address or hostname for your Agent dashboard.

You can find how Netdata interpreted the expressions by examining the alert at http://NODE:19999/api/v1/alarms?all. For each expression, Netdata will return the expression as given in its config file, and the same expression with additional parentheses added to indicate the evaluation flow of the expression.